Characteristics of lasers!

High brightness

Generally speaking, the power emitted by a light source per unit area in a unit solid angle in a certain direction is called the brightness of the light source in that direction. The improvement in the brightness of lasers is mainly due to the high concentration of light in the emission direction. The emission angle of lasers is extremely small (generally expressed in milliradians). It is almost a highly equal and collimated beam that can achieve directional and concentrated emission. Therefore, lasers have high brightness. The brightness of solid lasers can be as high as 1011W/cn2Sr. Not only that, after a beam of laser is focused, due to its high brightness, it can produce a strong thermal effect. The temperature within its focal range can reach thousands or tens of thousands of degrees, which can melt or even vaporize biological tissues or non-biological materials that have the ability to absorb lasers.

Monochromaticity

The color of light is determined by the wavelength (or frequency) of light, and light has a certain wavelength range. The narrower the wavelength range, the better the monochromaticity will be. For ordinary light sources, due to the large spectral line width and the wide frequency range, the colors will be more mixed.

Although, compared with ordinary light sources, the spectral line width of lasers is much narrower. However, the line width of lasers is restricted by many factors and it is almost impossible to reach the theoretical value level. For example, temperature changes, slight vibrations of the laser, airflow in its volume laser, and external pumping and other factors will lead to instability of the resonant frequency and reduce performance.

Good directionality

The light emitted by ordinary light sources propagates in all directions with a large divergence angle. In comparison, the divergence angle of lasers is very small, and it is almost emitted in parallel directions. The light emitted by the laser is a polarized light with a fixed direction. A simple case

can intuitively illustrate this point: laser light will not refract when it shines on water.

Among various lasers, gas lasers are the most outstanding in terms of directionality, followed by solid lasers, and semiconductor lasers are slightly inferior in this regard.

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